Osteology
Radius:
- Neck
- Radial tuberosity
- Shaft (diaphysis)
- Ulnar notch
- Styloid process
Ulna:
- Olecranon process
- Trochlear notch
- Coronoid process
- Radial notch
- Ulnar tuberosity
- Shaft (diaphysis)
- Styloid process
Carpals (8):
- Scaphoid
- Lunate
- Triquetrum
- Pisiform
- Trapezium
- Trapezoid
- Capitate
- Hamate
- Hook of hamate
Metacarpals (5)
Phalanges (28) [phalanx = singular; phalanges = plural]:
- Proximal (10)
- Intermediate (Middle) (8)
- Distal (10)
Veins
- Cephalic vein
- Basilic vein
- Median cubital vein
- Dorsal venous plexus
Muscles
- Brachioradialis
- Extensor carpi radialis longus
- Extensor carpi radialis brevis
- Extensor digitorum
- Extensor digiti minimi
- Extensor carpi ulnaris
- Extensor pollicis brevis
- Extensor pollicis longus
- Extensor indicis
- Supinator
- Abductor pollicis longus
- Pronator teres
- Pronator quadratus
- Palmaris longus
- Flexor carpi radialis
- Flexor carpi ulnaris
- Flexor digitorum superficialis
- Flexor digitorum profundus
- Flexor pollicis longus
- Abductor pollicis brevis muscle
- Flexor pollicis brevis muscle
- Opponens pollicis muscle
- Adductor pollicis muscle
- Abductor digiti minimi muscle
- Flexor digiti minimi muscle
- Opponens digiti minimi muscle
- Lumbricals (4)
- Three (3) Palmar Interosseous muscles (‘PAD’= palmar are adductors)
- Four (4) Dorsal Interosseous muscles (‘DAB’= dorsal are abductors)
Cubital Fossa: Boundaries and Contents
- Lateral: Brachioradialis
- Medial: Pronator teres
- Roof: Bicipital aponeurosis and deep fascia of the arm
- Floor: Brachialis and supinator
- Superior: Between lateral and medial epicondyles
- Contents:
- Tendon of biceps brachii
- Median nerve
- Brachial artery
Contents of the Carpal Tunnel
- Tendons of Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle (4)
- Tendons of Flexor digitorum profundus muscle (4)
- Tendon of Flexor pollicis longus muscle
- Median nerve
Boundaries of the Anatomical Snuffbox
- Extensor pollicis longus
- Extensor pollicis brevis
- Abductor pollicis longus
Nerves
- Lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm
- Medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm
- Radial nerve
- Superficial branch of the radial nerve
- Deep branch of the radial nerve
- Ulnar nerve
- Superficial branch of ulnar nerve
- Deep branch of ulnar nerve
- Common palmar digital branch
- Proper palmar digital branches
- Median nerve
- Recurrent branch of median nerve
- Common palmar digital branches
- Proper palmar digital branches
Arteries
- Ulnar artery
- Superficial branch of the ulnar artery
- Deep branch of the ulnar artery
- Superficial palmar arch (*formed MAINLY by the continuation of the ulnar artery and some contribution from the superficial branch of the radial artery)
- Common palmar digital arteries
- Proper palmar digital arteries
- Radial artery
- Superficial branch of radial artery
- Deep palmar arch (*formed MAINLY by the continuation of the radial artery and some contribution from the deep branch of the ulnar artery)
Miscellaneous Structures
- Interosseous membrane
- Palmar aponeurosis
- Flexor retinaculum
- Extensor retinaculum
Clinical Correlates
- Dislocation of elbow joint
- Subluxation and dislocation of radial head – Nursemaid’s elbow
- Venipuncture
- Tennis elbow vs. Golfer’s elbow (lateral vs. medial epicondylitis)
- Injury of median, ulnar and radial nerves and resultant signs/deformities:
- Claw hand
- Hand of benediction
- Ape hand
- Wrist drop
- Fractures and associated injuries
- Distal radius fractures
- Colles’ fracture – Dinner fork deformity
- Smith fracture
- Carpal fractures
- Carpal tunnel syndrome: causes, symptoms
- Mallet Finger, Swan neck, Boutonniere deformities
- Trigger Finger
- Heberden’s and Bouchard’s nodes