Objectives 3.1 Skull

Cranial fossae:

  • Anterior cranial fossa
  • Middle cranial fossa
  • Posterior cranial fossa

 

Osteology

Frontal bone:

  • Glabella
  • Superciliary arch
  • Supraorbital notch (foramen)
  • Frontal crest
  • Superior orbital fissure

Ethmoid bone:

  • Cribriform plate
  • Crista galli

Sphenoid bone:

  • Greater wing
  • Lesser wing
  • Optic canal
  • Superior orbital fissure
  • Tuberculum sellae
  • Hypophyseal fossa
  • Foramen rotundum
  • Foramen ovale
  • Foramen spinosum
  • Groove for middle meningeal artery
  • Medial & lateral pterygoid plates

Occipital bone:

  • Clivus
  • External occipital protuberance
  • Internal occipital protuberance
  • Foramen lacerum
  • Hypoglossal canal
  • Foramen magnum
  • Groove for transverse sinus
  • Groove for sigmoid sinus
  • Occipital condyles

Parietal bone:

  • Superior temporal line
  • Inferior temporal line
  • Groove for middle meningeal artery

Mandible:

  • Alveolar process
  • Mental foramen
  • Mental protuberance
  • Ramus
  • Coronoid process
  • Mandibular notch
  • Condylar process
  • Head (condyle)
  • Neck
  • Angle
  • Body

Maxilla:

  • Frontal process
  • Infraorbital foramen
  • Alveolar process
  • Anterior nasal aperture
  • Incisive foramen
  • Zygomatic bone
    • Frontal process
    • Temporal process

Temporal bone:

  • Squamous part / Petrous portion
  • External acoustic meatus
  • Mastoid process
  • Zygomatic process
  • Carotid canal
  • Internal acoustic meatus
  • Jugular foramen
  • Stylomastoid foramen
  • Styloid process
  • Mandibular fossa
  • Articular tubercle

 Nasal bone

 Vomer

Lacrimal bone

Inferior nasal concha

Palatine bone:

  • Greater palatine foramen
  • Lesser palatine foramen

 

Sutures

  •      Coronal suture
  •      Sagittal suture
  •      Lambdoid suture
  •      Squamosal suture

 

Important Landmarks

  •      Glabella
  •      Bregma
  •      Nasion
  •      Pterion
  •      Lambda
  •      Vertex

Meningeal features

  •      Dura mater
    • Epidural (extradural) space
    •      Cerebral falx (Falx cerebri)
    •      Cerebellar tentorium (Tentorium cerebelli)
    •      Tentorial notch
  •      Arachnoid mater
    • Cerebral veins
    • Subarachnoid space
  •      Pia mater

 

Dural Venous Sinuses

  • Superior sagittal sinus
  • Inferior sagittal sinus
  • Straight sinus
  • Cavernous sinus
  • Confluence of sinuses
  •      Cavernous sinus
  •      Sigmoid sinus
  •      Diaphragma sellae

 

Arteries

  •      Internal carotid artery
  •      Middle meningeal artery

 

 

Nerves & associated structures

  •      Cranial Nerves I – XII

 

 

Clinal Correlates

  • Head Injuries and Intracranial Hemorrhage
    • Epidural hematoma
    • Subdural hematoma
    • Fracture of Pterion
  • Fractures of calvaria
  • Fractures of maxillae and associated Bones (Le Forte fractures)
  • Fractures of mandible
  • Basilar skull fractures
  • Pituitary tumor