Osteology – Review checklist of structures from previous labs as well
- Frontal bone
- Supraorbital notch
- Orbital surface
- Ethmoid bone
- Anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramina
- Lacrimal bone
- Lacrimal groove
- Maxilla
- Infraorbital foramen
- Zygomatic bones
- Sphenoid bone
- Optic canal
- Lesser wing
- Greater wing
- Superior orbital fissure
- Inferior orbital fissure
- Sphenoid sinus
- Palatine bones
- Understand the following:
- Roof of orbit related to anterior cranial fossa
- Floor of orbit related to maxillary sinus
- Medial wall of orbit related to ethmoidal cells
- Temporal bone
- Internal acoustic meatus
- External acoustic meatus
- Stylomastoid foramen
- Incus
- Malleus
- Stapes
- Mandible
- Hard palate
- Maxillae
- Palatine bones
- Nasal septum
- Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
- Vomer
- Septal cartilages
- Cartilages of external nose
- alar
Muscles of the orbital, nasal, oral, and otic regions (and associated structures)
- Levator palpebrae superioris
- Orbicularis oculi (orbital and palpebral parts)
- Superior rectus
- Medial rectus
- Lateral rectus
- Inferior rectus
- Superior oblique
- Trochlea
- Inferior oblique
- Common tendinous ring (posterior attachment for the four rectus muscles)
- Tongue
- Root
- Median glossoepiglottic fold
- Lateral glossoepiglottic fold
- Epiglottic vallecula
- Body
- Apex
- Dorsum
- Terminal sulcus (sulcus terminalis)
- Lingual tonsil
- Foramen cecum
- Frenulum of the tongue (sublingual frenulum)
- Mylohyoid muscle
- Geniohyoid muscle
- Genioglossus muscle
- Hyoglossus muscle
- Styloglossus muscle
- Stapedius muscle
- Tensor tympani muscle
- Palatoglossus muscle
- Salpingopharyngeus muscle
- Stylopharyngeus muscle
- Levator veli palatini muscle
- Tensor veli palatini
Nerves of the orbital, nasal, oral, and otic regions (and associated structures)
- CN I – XII and their pathways
- Nasociliary
- Long ciliary
- Anterior ethmoidal (external nasal)
- Frontal
- Supratrochlear
- Supraorbital
- Lacrimal
- Ciliary ganglion
- Submandibular ganglion
- Lingual
- Chorda tympani
- Greater palatine nerve
- Lesser palatine nerve
- Nasopalatine nerve
- Infraorbital nerve
- Inferior alveolar nerve
Arteries and vein of orbital, nasal, oral, and otic regions
- Superior ophthalmic vein
- Inferior ophthalmic vein
- Ophthalmic artery
- Lingual artery
- Greater palatine artery
- Lesser palatine artery
- Maxillary artery
- Sphenopalatine artery
- Infraorbital artery
- Inferior alveolar artery
Lacrimal Apparatus
- Lacrimal gland
- Nasolacrimal duct
Structures of the nasal cavity
- Sphenoidal sinus
- Opening of sphenoidal sinus
- Sphenoethmoidal recess
- Sphenopalatine foramen
- Superior, middle and inferior conchae
- Superior meatus
- Opening of the posterior ethmoidal cells
- Middle meatus
- Semilunar hiatus
- Opening of frontal sinus
- Opening of the anterior ethmoidal cells
- Opening of maxillary sinus
- Ethmoidal bulla
- Opening of the middle ethmoidal cells
- Inferior meatus
- Opening of the nasolacrimal duct
- Hard palate
- Soft palate
Structures of the oral cavity
- Opening of the parotid duct
- Sublingual gland
- Submandibular gland, duct, and opening
Structures of the ear
- External ear
- Auricle
- Helix
- Antihelix
- Concha
- Tragus
- Antitragus
- Lobe of auricle
- Auricular cartilages
- Middle Ear (located in tympanic cavity of temporal bone)
- Tympanic membrane
- Stapedius muscle & tendon
- Tensor tympani muscle
- Opening of pharyngotympanic tube
- Facial nerve (CN VII)
- Chorda tympani
- Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
- Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
- Inner Ear
- Cochlea
- Vestibulocochlear organ
Clinical Correlations
- Testing of extrinsic eye muscles (H-Test)
- Oculomotor nerve palsy
- Abducens nerve palsy
- Trochlear nerve palsy
- Corneal reflex
- Ptosis
- Horner’s syndrome
- Paralysis of CN XII
- Sublingual absorption of the drugs
- Loss of taste from anterior two-thirds of tongue
- Loss of taste from posterior one-third of tongue
- Loss of general sensation from anterior two-thirds of the tongue
- Loss of general sensation from posterior one-third of the tongue
- Epiglottic vallecula and its importance for endotracheal intubation
- Rupture of tympanic membrane
- Otitis media
- Blockage of auditory tube
- Infection of mastoid air cells – mastoiditis
- CSF otorrhea
- Otosclerosis
- Epistaxis
- Sinusitis- paranasal sinuses and their drainage and infections
- Deviated septum
- Nasal polyps
- Nasal fractures (most common types)